Union - Government
President Lincoln telegraphs his generals three times throughout the day, demanding to know what news?
Union - Government/Military
Brigadier General Frederick Steele assumes command of the Army of the Southwest.
Confederates - Government/Military
Beauregard is assigned to the Department of South Carolina and Georgia, relieving John C. Pemberton.
Union - Military
Virginia
A portion of Pope's command attacks Jackson's Confederates near Groveton, Virginia, in order to prevent their escape. However, the Confederates had no desire to escape. Pope's troops were dispersed over Northern Virginia and worn from constant marching.
Pope attempted to concentrate his army against Jackson, posted in a railroad cut near Sudley Springs north of Groveton and the WArrenton Turnpike.
The drive against Jackson was piecemeal and failed, but Second Bull Run/Manassas had begun.
Major GEneral Fitz John Porter is ordered to strike Jackson, but fails to do so. Later Pope and others will accuse him of disobeying orders and dragging his feet. Porter defended himself by saying that Longstreet had come up and outnumbered him. (The argument has not been settled to this day.)
Longstreet did come up about noon.
Pope handles his army badly, and at nightfall Lee's Confederates are strongly posted on their original line of battle. Meanwhile Halleck, in WAshington, urges McClellan to send the bulk of his forces from Alexandria. McClellan claimed he did all possible to comply, but many felt that his opposition to Pope was such that his effort was at best only half-hearted.
This day's action, as well as the following day, and indeed the entire campaign of Second Manassas will bring discredit to many Union leaders, including Halleck, Pope, McClellan, Porter and McDowell. On the Confederate side it was one of Jackson's brightest hours and one of Lee's greatest achievements.
Missouri
Skirmishes take place at Bloomfield and Iberia.
Louisiana
There is a skirmish near St. Charles Court House.
Also in Louisiana, there is an engagement between the Confederate batteries at Port Hudson and the USS Anglo-American.
Confederate - Military
Kentucky
Confederate E. Kirby Smith invades and his advance units fight with a Union brigade south of Richmond in the afternoon. The Confederates are driven back briefly and the Union troops take up a position defending Richmond.
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Bibliography
The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac 1861-1865. E.B. Long with Barbara Long, De Capo, 1971
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