1 July 1862: Tuesday (Battle of Malvern Hill)

Union - Government
President Lincoln approves two significant acts of the Federal Congress. The Federal Income Tax was revised with 3 per cent on oncome between $600 and $10,000, and 5% above $10,000. This measure became operative where the 1861 measure did not. Another measure approved a Union Pacific-Central railroad across the west. Government aid was provided and rights secured for postal, military and other purposes.

The President announced to the Northern governors that he was calling for 300,000 more men "to bring this necessary and injurious civil war to a speedy and satisfactory conclusion."

Union - Military
Virginia
The Seven Days Battles (marking the end of the Peninsula campaign) came to an end on Malvern Hill north of the James River. McClellan's retreating Army of the Potomac took its stand at a strong densive position, readily adapted for well-placed artillery and infantry alike. Lee, hoping to destroy the Union troops, decided to attack. Delay after delay and incoherent organization prevented any thrust until late in the afternoon. Confederate artillery proved to be no match for the expertly handled Union guns.

The several attacks, when they did come, were disjointed and uncoordinated; a large portioner of the Southerners never saw action. By nightfall the Confederates were spent and the battered Union troops continued their withdrawal down the James to Berkeley Plantation or Harrison's Landing, ancestral home of the Harrison form.

McClellan had failed to take Richmond despite his greatly superior numbers. He had been forced to withdraw, but at Malvern Hill his men defended courageously. Lee, after successfully driving the Union troops from his capital, failed to destroy or seriously cripple McClellan and was criticized both for making the costly assaults at Malvern Hill and for the clearly faulty management of the battle, known also as Crew's or Poindexter's Farm.

Casualties for the entire 7 Days:
Confederates: over 20,000 casualties, including 3,286 killed, 15,909 wounded, and 946 missing.
Union: 1,734 killed, 8,062 wounded, and 6,053 missing.

There is a skirmish at Fort Furnace at Powell's Big Fort Valley.

Mississippi
Union Colonel Philip H. Sheridan defeated Confederate troops in action near Booneville, south of Corinth in the northeastern portion of the state.

There is a skirmish at Holly Springs.

Farragutt's fleet from New Orleans, now north of Vicksburg, joined Flag Officer Charles Davis' western flotilla on the Mississippi.
Missouri
There is a skirmish at Cherry Grove in Schuyler County.

Bibliography
The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac 1861-1865. E.B. Long with Barbara Long, De Capo, 1971